Hazardous Materials Transportation Training

Marking and Labeling are part of the Department of
Transportation’s overall communications requirements. This
module can not serve as a resource for the design or
manufacture of DOT specified marks and labels. You may,
however, refer to the DOT Chart 12 in your references for a
visual representation of any marking, label, or hazardous
materials placard. Please see 49 CFR §172.300-450 for
detailed specifications, if you originate any marking or part of a
marking (such as an ID number). The individual offering
hazardous materials must use these marks and labels to
communicate the hazards of that shipment to the people who
may be exposed to the hazard, such as truckers and
emergency responders. This module reviews the marking and
labeling information contained within the Hazardous Materials
Regulations. It trains you in the appropriate use, and the visual
identification of, marks and labels required in the HMR.
Remember, your attention to detail during this lesson may help
save another person’s life during a hazardous materials
incident, so if you are ready, let’s get started.

expectations:

• Apply the requirements for marking hazardous
materials packages, freight containers, and/or
transportation vehicles and any exceptions to these
requirements.
• Apply the requirements for labeling hazardous
materials packages, overpacks, and freight containers,
and any exceptions to these requirements.
• Identify special types of labeling that might be required
for international shipments, water shipments, and air
shipments.



Each person who offers a hazardous material for
transportation in a non-bulk packaging must mark the package
with the required information for the material as shown in the
HM Table. The items of required information are shown here.
Select each button to learn more about the marking
requirements for these non-bulk packagings.
3
When you offer a hazardous material for transportation, or
transport a hazardous material, you must mark each package,
freight container, and transport vehicle containing the
hazardous material in the manner required by the HMR. The
term marking as used in the HMR refers to placing the
required information on the outer package containing the
hazardous materials. This includes a proper shipping name ,
identification number with the appropriate prefix, specifications
or UN markings, plus any other required information,
instructions and/or cautions. This module assumes that the
manufacturer has assigned the proper shipping name, ID
number, hazard class or division number, and packing group
number, and the student is able to correctly use the Hazardous
Materials Table.


You must mark hazardous material offered for transportation in
a non-bulk packaging with the proper shipping name and
identification number, unless excepted. The proper shipping
name for a hazardous waste is not required to include the
word ‘‘waste’’ if the package bears the EPA marking
prescribed by 40 CFR 262.32.



You must mark each package with the identification number,
preceded by ‘‘UN’’ or ‘‘NA,’’ as appropriate, for the material
as shown in the HMT. Identification numbers are not required
on packagings that contain only ORM–D materials or limited
quantities. A transport vehicle or freight container containing
only a single hazardous material in non-bulk packages must be
marked, on each side and each end with the identification
number specified for the hazardous material in the HMT.
4c
You must mark each non-bulk packaging containing hazardous
materials with the technical name in parentheses in association
with the proper shipping name in accordance with the
requirements and exceptions specified for display of technical
descriptions on shipping papers.
4d
You must plainly and durably mark the outside of each
package authorized by an special permit with ‘‘DOT–SP,’’
followed by the special permit number assigned.
4e
You must mark a non-bulk packaging containing a hazardous
material offered for transportation, with the name and address
of the consignor or consignee, except when that package is
transported by highway only and will not be transferred from
one motor carrier to another; or the package is part of a
carload lot, truckload lot or freight container load, and the
entire contents of the rail car, truck or freight container are
shipped from one consignor to one consignee.

6
You must pack each non-bulk combination package having
inner packagings containing liquid hazardous materials with
closures upward. It must have legible package orientation
markings on two opposite vertical sides, with the arrows
pointing in the correct upright direction. Depicting a
rectangular border around the arrows is optional. You may not
display arrows for purposes other than indicating proper
package orientation on a package containing a liquid
hazardous material. Listed here are six instances where the
requirement for package orientation arrows do not apply.
5
Check 1
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
You are asked to inspect a non-bulk package of a hazardous material being shipped as a limited
quantity. Which of these marking requirements is NOT required on this package?
A. U.S. DOT Exemption Information, if applicable
B. Identification number
C. Technical name (if applicable)
D. Consignee’s or Consignor’s name and address
Correct answer is B

7
Except as otherwise provided for in the HMR, a package
containing a limited quantity of hazardous materials is not
required to be marked with the proper shipping name
provided it is marked with the identification number, preceded
by the letters ‘‘UN’’ or ‘‘NA,’’ as applicable, for the entry as
shown in the HMT, and placed within a square-on-point
border with the ID number marking placed on a durable
surface, and legible and of such a size relative to the package
as to be readily visible. The marking must be applied on at
least one side or one end of the outer packaging. When two or
more hazardous materials with different ID numbers are
contained in the package, the packaging must be marked with
either individual square-on-points bearing a single ID number
or a single square-on-point large enough to include each
applicable ID number.
8
Each non-bulk packaging containing a material classed as
Other Regulated Material – Domestic (ORM–D) must be
marked on at least one side or end with the ORM–D
designation immediately following or below the proper
shipping name of the material. The designation for ORM–D
must be ORM–D–AIR for an ORM–D that is prepared for air
shipment. When the ORM–D marking including the proper
shipping name cannot be affixed on the package surface, it
may be on an attached tag. The marking ORM–D is the
certification by the person offering the packaging for
transportation that the material is properly described, classed,
packaged, marked and labeled and in proper condition for
transportation according to the applicable regulations. This
form of certification does not preclude the requirement for a
certificate on a shipping paper when required by subpart C of
the HMR.

9

Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Marking the ORM-D designation in a rectangle following or below the proper shipping name on a nonbulk
package _______________ that the package is in proper condition for transportation. The
marking certification does not take the place of the shipping paper certification, if required.
A. certifies
B. ensures
C. negates
D. validates
Correct answer is A

10
You must mark any non-bulk packaging that contains a marine
pollutant with the “Marine Pollutant” marking, for vessel
transportation. Also, mark the name of the marine pollutant on
the package in parentheses in association with the marked
proper shipping name. Where two or more components make
a material a marine pollutant, the names of at least two of these
components must appear in parentheses in association with the
marked proper shipping name. Place the MARINE
POLLUTANT mark in association with the hazard warning
labels required by the HMR, or in the absence of any labels,
with the marked proper shipping name. The symbol, letters
and border of the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must be
black and the background white, or the symbol, letters, border
and background must be of contrasting color to the surface to
which the mark is affixed. Each side of the mark must be at
least 100 mm (3.9 inches) for marks applied to non-bulk
packagings, except in the case of packagings which, because
of their size, can only bear smaller marks.You must also mark
a transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package
subject to these marking requirements, with the MARINE
POLLUTANT mark. The mark must appear on each side and
each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must
be visible from the direction it faces. This requirement may be
met by the markings displayed on a freight container or
portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. This mark
may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point
configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard.

11
You must mark each non-bulk package containing a hazardous
substance with the name of the hazardous substance, in
parentheses, in association with the proper shipping name, if the
proper shipping name does not identify the hazardous substance
by name. If the material contains two or more hazardous
substances, identify at least two hazardous substances, including
the two with the lowest reportable quantities (RQs). Mark
‘‘RQ’’ on the package in association with the proper shipping
name. Packages of radioactive material labeled under §172.403
are excepted from this requirement. For a hazardous waste, the
waste code (e.g., D001), if appropriate, may be used to identify
the hazardous substance.
12




1. ______________________ are not required on packaging that contains only ORM-D materials or
limited quantities.
2. The ______________________ mark must be placed in association with the hazard warning labels
or the proper shipping name for non-bulk packaging containing materials listed in Appendix B to
§172.101 and shipped by vessel transport.
3. The letters ______________________ must be marked on a package containing a hazardous
substance in association with the proper shipping name.
4. A consumer commodity prepared for air shipment in a non-bulk packaging must display the
______________________ marking.
Correct responses are: 1) Identification Numbers, 2) Marine Pollutant, 3) RQ,
4) ORM-D-Air

13
Now we’ll look at the general marking requirements for bulk
packagings. You must mark a bulk packaging containing
hazardous material which you transport or offer for
transportation, with that material’s identification number. Each
bulk packaging marked with a proper shipping name, common
name or identification number must remain marked when it is
emptied unless it is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged
of vapors to remove any potential hazard. If you use a bulk
packaging under the terms of a special permit, plainly and
durably mark ‘‘DOT–SP’’ on it, followed by the special
permit number assigned. Select each button to learn more
about the general marking requirements for bulk packaging.
13a
13b
13c

15
Knowledge Check 4
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Which one of these four statements is NOT correct concerning the general marking requirements for
bulk packagings of hazardous materials?
A. The outside of each bulk package used under the terms of a DOT Exemption must be plainly and
durably marked “DOT-E” followed by the exemption number assigned.
B. A hazardous material in a bulk packaging of 3,785 L or more must be marked with the proper ID
number on each side and each end.
C. A rail car or freight container that has been fumigated with any hazardous material must be marked
with the Fumigant label.
D. You may remove markings from a tank car marked with a proper shipping name, common name or
identification number when it is emptied, and only contains residue of hazardous materials.
Correct answer is D
14
No person may offer for transportation or transport a
package, which is marked with the proper shipping name or
identification number of a hazardous material unless that
package actually contains the identified hazardous material or
its residue. Exceptions to this requirement exist when:
• The package is not visible during transportation and is
loaded by the shipper and unloaded by the shipper or
consignee;
• The markings on the package are securely covered in
transportation; and
• The marking of a shipping name on the package
describes a material not regulated under the HMR.
13d

16
The HMR states that markings must be:
• placed on a durable material;
• written in English;
• printed on or affixed to the surface of the package or
on a label, tag, or sign;
• displayed on a background of sharply contrasting
color;
• unobscured by labels or attachments;
• and located away from any other marking such as
advertising, that could substantially reduce the
hazardous materials marking’s effectiveness.
17
You may not use abbreviations in a proper shipping name
marking except as provided for in §172.308.
You may use the abbreviation ‘‘ORM’’ or “ORM-D” in place
of the words ‘‘Other Regulated Material.’’ You may also use
abbreviations which appear as authorized descriptions in
column 2 of the HMT . Some examples include: EEI,HMX,
n.o.s., PCB, PETN, RDX, SA, and TNT.
18
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 5
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Which one of these four statements is NOT a general marking requirement for hazardous materials?
A. The marking must be durable, in English and printed on or affixed to the surface of a package or on
a label, tag, or sign.
B. The marking must be displayed on a white or black background.
C. The marking must be unobscured by labels or other attachments.
D. The markings must be located away from any other marking, such as an advertisement, that could
substantially reduce the effectiveness of the marking.
Correct answer is B

20
In addition to any other markings required of hazardous
materials by the HMR, poisonous hazardous materials require
several additional markings. You must mark a material
poisonous by inhalation ‘‘Inhalation Hazard,’’ in association
with the required labels or placards, and the shipping name.
You must mark a transport vehicle or freight container
containing a material poisonous by inhalation in non-bulk
packages, if it is loaded at one facility with 1,000 kg or more
aggregate weight. If the aggregate gross weight comprises two
or more such materials, use the ID number of the material with
the greatest aggregate gross weight. For different materials in
both Hazard Zones A and B, use the mark with the ID number
of the Hazard Zone A material. For a packaging containing a
Division 6.1 PG III material, ‘‘PG III’’ may be marked
adjacent to the POISON label.
19
In addition to any other markings required by the HMR, you
must mark each package containing a Class 7 - Radioactive
materials in the following manner. Mark the package’s gross
mass including the unit of measurement, which may be
abbreviated, on the outside of the package, if its gross mass is
greater than 50 kg or 110 pounds.
Legibly and durably mark the outside of each industrial, Type A, Type B(U), or Type B(M) package, in
letters at least 13 mm (0.5 in) high, with the words ‘‘TYPE IP–1,’’ ‘‘TYPE IP–2,’’ ‘‘TYPE IP–3,’’
‘‘TYPE A,’’ ‘‘TYPE B(U)’’ or ‘‘TYPE B(M),’’ as appropriate. A package which does not conform to
these standards may not be so marked. Legibly and durably mark the outside of each package which
conforms to an IP–1, IP–2, IP–3 or a Type A package design, with the international vehicle registration
code of the country of origin of the design. The international vehicle registration code for packages
designed by a United States company or agency is the symbol ‘‘USA.’’ Plainly mark a radiation symbol
on the fire- and water-resistant outermost receptacle of each package which conforms to a Type B(U)
or Type B(M) package design. This mark must be embossed, stamped or applied by other means
resistant to the effects of fire and water. Mark “USA” in conjunction with the specification marking, or
other package certificate identification on each Type B(U), Type B(M) or fissile material package
destined for export.

21
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 6
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
A package containing an amount of Mercury compounds, solids, n.o.s., UN2025, PGIII, requiring
hazard labels can be labeled with all but one of these labels. Which of these labels is NOT authorized to
be used?
A. B.
C. D.
Correct answer is C
22
You must mark each package containing a Class 1, explosive
material with the EX-number for that substance, article or
device. Except for fireworks, a package of Class 1 materials
may be marked with a national stock number issued by the
Department of Defense or identifying information, such as a
product code, in lieu of the EX-number, if the national stock
number or identifying information can be specifically
associated with the EX- number assigned.
When more than five different Class 1 explosive materials are packed in the same package, you may
mark it with only five of the EX-numbers, national stock numbers, or product codes, or with a
combination of each of these. This requirement does not apply if the EX-number, product code or
national stock number of each explosive item described under a proper shipping description is shown in
association with the shipping description required by the HMR. Product codes and national stock
numbers must be traceable to the specific EX-number assigned by the Associate Administrator. Certain
exception to these restrictions apply for material being shipped to testing agencies, or being used for
developmental testing, or covered by a national security classification.

24
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 7
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
The Marine Pollutant mark is NOT required to be affixed to which one of these packagings?
A. On a combination packaging containing 300 grams of Copper cyanide in an inner packaging.
B. On a combination packaging containing 5.5 kg of Dipentene in an inner packaging prepared for
shipment overseas via vessel transportation.
C. On a portable tank containing Chlorine being prepared for shipment overseas via vessel
transportation.
D. On a freight container containing a quantity of Nickel cyanide in excess of 5,000 kg, being loaded
for vessel transport.
Correct answer is A
23
You must mark a bulk packaging that contains a marine
pollutant with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least
two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom, if the
packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L. The mark must
appear on each end and each side if the packaging has a
capacity of 3,785 L or more. You must mark a transport
vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to
these marking requirements with the MARINE POLLUTANT
mark, on each side and each end. This requirement may be
met by the marking displayed on a freight container or
portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. You do
not have to mark non-bulk packagings containing marine
pollutants with the Marine Pollutant mark, unless they are
transported by vessel.
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25
BIOHAZARD marking on two opposing sides or two ends
other than the bottom, if the packaging has a capacity of less
than 3,785 L. You must mark it on each end and each side if it
has a capacity of 3,785 L or more. You must mark a transport
vehicle or freight container bearing such packagings, if the
BIOHAZARD marking on the bulk packaging is not visible,
on each side and each end. The BIOHAZARD marking must
be displayed on a background of contrasting color. It may be
displayed on a plain white square-on-point configuration
having the same outside dimensions as a placard. The
BIOHAZARD marking must be visible from the direction it
faces.
26
You must mark a bulk packaging containing an elevated
temperature material on two opposing sides with the word
‘‘HOT,’’ in black or white Gothic lettering, on a contrasting
background. The marking must be displayed on the packaging
itself or in black lettering on a plain white square-on-point
configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard.
You must mark bulk packagings containing molten aluminum
or molten sulfur ‘‘MOLTEN ALUMINUM’’ or ‘‘MOLTEN
SULFUR’’, respectively. If the identification number is
displayed on a white-square-on-point display configuration,
the word ‘‘HOT’’ may appear in the upper corner.
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27
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 8
Instructions: Complete this Knowledge Check by matching the shipping name with the hazard label or
special marking required. Assume that quantity and transportation mode requirements have been met.
You may select either the shipping name or the hazard label / special marking first. You will have two
chances to correctly complete this exercise.
The correct answers are:
Elevated temperature, solid, n.o.s. and Elevated temp marking
Infectious substances and Biohazard marking
Mercury oxide and Marine pollutant marking
Radioactive material, Type A package and Radioactive III label
Acetone and Package Orientation arrows
2-Chloroethanal and Inhalation hazard marking

28
In addition to the general marking requirements previously
addressed and the marking requirements for content-specific
materials, it is important that you are familiar with the marking
requirements for these bulk packaging types. Select each
button to learn more about the marking requirements for each
of these bulk-package types
29
In addition to the general and content-specific marking
requirements, these markings are required when portable
tanks are used. You must legibly mark the proper shipping
name on a portable tank containing a hazardous material. You
must mark the owner’s or the lessee’s name on a portable
tank that contains a hazardous material. If the Identification
number for the hazardous material contained in the portable
tank is not visible from outside the transport vehicle, you must
display it on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or
freight container using placards, orange panels, or the white
square-on-point configuration, as appropriate.
30
In addition to the general and content-specific marking
requirements, these markings are required when cargo tanks
are used. Select each button to learn more about the marking
requirements for cargo tanks.

31c
You must mark each MC 330 and MC 331 cargo tank, near
the specification plate, with either ‘‘QT’’ (for cargo tanks
made of quenched and tempered steel) or ‘‘NQT’’ (for cargo
tanks not made of quenched and tempered steel.)
30a
Except for certain nurse tanks which must be marked as
specified in §173.315(m), you must mark each cargo tank
transporting a Class 2 material subject to the HMR, on each
side and each end, with either the proper shipping name of the
gas or an appropriate common name for the material (e.g.,
‘‘Refrigerant Gas’’).
30b
Unless a cargo tank is already marked with the required
identification number(s), the offeror must provide the
number(s) to the carrier, or affix the number(s). If you offer a
hazardous material or a cargo tank containing a hazardous
material to a motor carrier for transportation, you must
provide the motor carrier with the identification number(s) on
placards, or affix orange panels containing the required
identification number(s), prior to or at the time the material is
offered for transportation. For a cargo tank transported on or
in a transport vehicle or a freight container, if the identification
number marking on the cargo tank would not normally be
visible during transportation, the vehicle or container must be
marked on each side and each end with the appropriate
identification number.
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30d
Each on-vehicle manually-activated remote shutoff device for
closure of the internal self-closing stop valve, must be
identified by the marking ‘‘Emergency Shutoff,’’ in letters at
least 0.75 inches in height, in a color that contrasts with its
background, in an area immediately adjacent to the means of
closure.
31
If you offer for transportation or transport a hazardous
material in a tank car or multi-unit tank car tank, you must
mark each side and each end with the material’s identification
number. Similarly, a motor vehicle or rail car used to transport
a multi-unit tank car tank containing a hazardous material must
be marked on each side and each end with the material’s
identification number.
In addition, a tank car containing certain ingredients must be
marked on each side with the key words of the ingredient’s
proper shipping name as specified in the HMT, or a common
name authorized elsewhere in the HMR (e.g., “refrigerant
gas”). Press “More” for a list of these ingredients.
31a
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32
If you offer a hazardous material to a motor carrier for
transportation in a bulk packaging, you must provide the
motor carrier with the required identification numbers on
placards or plain white square-on-point display configurations,
or affix orange panels containing the numbers to the
packaging. You must do this prior to or at the time the
material is offered for transportation, unless the packaging is
already marked with the identification number. For a bulk
packaging contained in or on a transport vehicle or freight
container, if the identification number marking on the bulk
packaging is not visible, you must mark the transport vehicle
or freight container on each side and each end with the
material’s identification number.
33
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 9
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Which bulk packaging type requires QT and NQT markings near the specification plate to indicate if it
is constructed of quenched and tempered steel or not?
A. Portable tanks
B. Cargo tanks
C. Tank cars and multi-unit tank car tanks
D. Other types of bulk packagings
Correct answer is B
34
You must display identification number markings on orange
panels, placards, or white square-on-point configurations.
For design specifications of each marking, see §172.332. To
view all of these markings, use the DOT Chart 12 reference
link below.
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35
You may not display an identification number on a placard,
orange panel, or white square-on-point display configuration
unless the identification number is the one specified for the
material in the HMT; and the package, freight container, or
transport vehicle on which the number is displayed contains
the hazardous material associated with that identification
number. You may not display an identification number on an
orange panel on a cargo tank unless it is affixed to the cargo
tank by the person offering the hazardous material for
transportation in the cargo tank. If a placard is required by the
placarding tables, you may only display an identification
number on an orange panel if it is displayed in proximity to that
placard. You may not display an identification number on any
Dangerous, Explosives, Radioactive, or Subsidiary Hazard
placards.

36
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 10
Instructions: Match the shipping name with the acceptable identification number panel, placard, or white
square-on-point display configuration for the hazardous material shown. You may select either the
shipping name or the identification number first. You will have two chances to correctly complete this
exercise.
The correct answers are:
Corrosive liquid, n.o.s. and Orange panel with ID # 1760
Acetone and Orange panel with ID # 1090
Fuel oil and Placard with ID # 1993
Lead cyanide and Placard with ID # 1620
Gas, refrigerated liquid, n.o.s. and White square-on-point with ID # 3158
Elevated temperature liquid, n.o.s. and White square-on-point with ID # 3257

37
Identification numbers are not required on the ends of a
portable tank, cargo tank or tank car having more than one
compartment if hazardous materials having different
identification numbers are being transported. In such a
situation, the identification numbers on the sides of the tank
shall be displayed in the same sequence as the compartments
containing the materials they identify. On a cargo tank
containing only gasoline, if the cargo tank is marked
‘‘Gasoline’’. On a cargo tank containing only fuel oil, if the
cargo tank is marked ‘‘Fuel Oil’’. For each of the different
liquid petroleum distillate fuels, including gasoline and gasohol
in a compartmented cargo tank or tank car, if the identification
number is displayed for the distillate fuel having the lowest
flash point. For each of the different liquid petroleum distillate
fuels, including gasoline and gasohol transported in a cargo
tank, if the identification number is displayed for the liquid
petroleum distillate fuel having the lowest flash point. On nurse
tanks transporting anhydrous ammonia, and operated by a
private carrier exclusively for agricultural purposes, when
valves, fittings, regulators or gauges prevent the markings and
placard from being properly placed and visible.
38
If more than one of the required identification number
markings on placards, orange panels, or white square-onpoint
display configurations are damaged or destroyed during
transportation, you must replace all the missing or damaged
identification numbers as soon as practicable. In certain cases,
however, you may legibly enter the correct identification
numbers by hand, using an indelible marking material. When
entered by hand, the identification numbers must be located in
the white display area of the placard, orange panel or white
square-on-point display.
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39
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 11
Instructions: Click and drag the response to the blank line that correctly completes the statement. Each
response may only be used once.
Gasoline highway Kerosene rail
white one primary Poisonous
red subsidiary
1. An identification number may be displayed only on a placard corresponding to the
_______________ hazard class of the hazardous material.
2. For a Combustible placard used to display an identification number, the entire background below the
white background for the ID number must be _______________ during transportation by
_______________.
3. The identification number 1203 is not required to be displayed on a cargo tank containing only this
material, if the cargo tank is marked with the name of this material on each side and rear. What is the
name of this material? _______________
4. If more than _______________ of the identification number markings on placards, orange panels, or
white square-on-point display configurations are lost, damaged, or destroyed during transportation,
the carrier shall replace all the missing or damaged identification numbers as soon as practicable.
Correct responses are: 1) primary, 2) white, and rail, 3) Gasoline 4) one
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41
You must label hazardous material if it meets one or more
hazard class definitions, in accordance with column 6 of the
HMT and the table found in §172.400(b). If you offer for
transportation or transport a hazardous material in commerce,
in any of the following packages or containment devices, you
must label them. These packages and containment devices
include:
• A non-bulk package;
• A bulk packaging, other than a cargo tank, portable
tank, or tank car, with a volumetric capacity of less
than 18 cubic meters (640 cubic feet);
• A portable tank of less than 3,785 liters capacity;
• A DOT Specification 106 or 110 multi-unit tank car
tank; and
• An overpack, freight container or unit load device, of
less than 18 cubic meters containing a package for
which labels are required.

42
Certain classes or groups of hazardous materials, small or
limited quantities, or special situations based upon the type of
container, the shipper, or the circumstances are allowed
exceptions to the labeling provisions specified in §172.400.
These labeling exceptions include:
• A label is not required on a cylinder, or a Dewar flask containing a Division 2.1 or
Division 2.2 gas that is not poisonous, carried by a private or contract motor carrier, not
overpacked, and durably and legibly marked
- A package or unit of military explosives or ammunition shipped by or on behalf of the
DOD when in a freight container load, carload or truckload shipments, if loaded and
unloaded by the shipper or DOD;
- A package containing a hazardous material other than ammunition that is loaded and
unloaded under the supervision of DOD personnel, and escorted by DOD personnel
separate vehicle;
- A compressed gas cylinder permanently mounted in or on a transport vehicle;
- A freight container, aircraft unit load device or portable tank that is placarded in
accordance with subpart F of the HMR or conforms to §172.512 (a)(3) or (b)(3);
- An overpack or unit load device in or on which labels representative of each hazardous
material in the overpack or unit load device are visible;
- Finally a package of low specific activity radioactive material and surface contaminated
objects.
• Certain exceptions to labeling requirements are provided for small quantities and limited
quantities.
• A subsidiary hazard label is not required on a package containing a Class 8 (corrosive)
material which has a subsidiary hazard of Division 6.1 (poisonous) if the toxicity of the
material is based solely on the corrosive destruction of tissue rather than systemic
poisoning.
• A package containing a poisonous by inhalation material in a closed transport vehicle or
freight container may be excepted from the POISON INHALATION HAZARD or
POISON GAS label or placard, under the conditions set forth in §171.12 and §171.12a.

43
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 12
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Labeling is required for all but one of these packages or containment devices. Which one of these
packages or containment devices does NOT require a hazard label?
A. A non-bulk package of Div. 4.1 flammable solid material.
B. A bulk packaging, other than a cargo tank, portable tank, or tank car, with a volumetric capacity of
less than 18 cubic meters of a Div. 4.2 spontaneously combustible material.
C. A portable tank of less than 3,785 L capacity containing a Div 5.2 organic peroxide.
D. A freight container of more than 18 cubic meters containing a package for which labels are required,
as long as the container is placarded.
Correct answer is D
44
You may not display hazard class labels which are not
representative of the hazardous material or the hazards posed,
or which incorporate label colors or designs which could be
confused with or conflict with a label prescribed in the HMR.
The labels required by the HMR are normally used for
domestic shipments, but may sometimes be used for
international shipments as well. Several international
organizations prescribe labeling requirements that may be used
in addition to or in place of the domestic labels. The two
previous restrictions do not apply to packages labeled in
conformance with the United Nations (UN)
Recommendations; the International Maritime Dangerous
Goods (IMDG) Code; the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions; or the Canadian
Dangerous Goods (TDG) Regulations. The provisions of this
section do not apply to a packaging that is unused or cleaned
and purged of all residue, transported in a transport vehicle or
freight container in such a manner that the packaging is not
visible during transportation, and transported on a vehicle that
is loaded by the shipper and unloaded by the shipper or
consignee.

45
You must label each package containing a hazardous material
with the primary and, if applicable, the subsidiary hazard
label(s) specified in column 6 of the HMT. If more than one
label code is listed in column 6, the first code listed indicates
the primary hazard, and the others are subsidiary hazards.
For those packages containing a hazardous material not in
Class 1 or Class 2, the materials must be labeled with a
subsidiary hazard label in accordance with the Subsidiary
Hazard Labels table shown here.

47

Instructions: Match the hazardous material information with the proper hazard label. You may select
either the shipping name or the hazard label first. You will have two chances to correctly complete this
exercise.
The correct answers are:
Ltd Qty of Kerosene shipped by air and the Flammable Liquid label
Additional required label for air shipment of Sulfur chlorides and Cargo Aircraft Only label
Subsidiary label for Corrosive solids, flammable, n.o.s. and Flammable Solid label
Primary label for Cyclohexyl isocyanate and Poison Inhalation label
Primary label for Cresols, solid and Poison label
Primary label for Dinitrosobenzene and Explosives label

49
The proper label to affix to a package of Class 7 radioactive
material is based on the transport index, or “TI,” and the
maximum radiation level at any point on the external surface of
the package. If the radiation level and TI suggest different
hazard warning labels, choose the label indicating the greater
hazard level. RADIOACTIVE WHITE–I indicates the least
severe hazard level, while RADIOACTIVE YELLOW–III
indicates the most severe. Any package containing a highway
route controlled quantity must always be labeled
RADIOACTIVE YELLOW–III.
For example, a package with a transport index of 0.8 and a
maximum surface radiation level of 60 millirems per hour
would require which label? This is determined by first entering
the table under the transport index column and then reading to
the far right to see which of the label categories is indicated. If
the measured TI is not greater than 0.05, the value is
considered to be zero. Our transport index is 0.8, so a TI of
0.8 falls in the category of “More than 0 but not more than 1”,
which requires a RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-II label. Next
look for the maximum surface radiation level of 60 millirem/
hour. This value falls in the category of greater than 50
millirem/hour, but less than or equal to 200 millirem/hours,
which requires a RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III label. Since
RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III indicates the more severe
radiation hazard, you would choose this label to affix to the
radioactive package.
48
You must display the appropriate hazard class or division
number in the lower corner of both primary and subsidiary
hazard label.
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32 Version 5.1 Module 3
51
When two or more compatible hazardous materials are
packed in the same packaging, or within the same outside
container or overpack, you must label the outside of the
packaging, outside container, or overpack for each class of
hazardous material contained within.
53
For Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8, the text indicating a
hazard, such as Flammable Liquid or Oxidizer is not required
on a primary or subsidiary label. Displayed here are both
versions of the hazard class labels, with and without the hazard
text.
50

Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Which class 7 radioactive materials hazard class label should be affixed to a radioactive materials
package with a TI of 0.06 and a maximum radiation level of 35 mrem/h?
A. RADIOACTIVE WHITE-I
B. RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-II
C. RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III
D. RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III under exclusive use provisions
Correct answer is B
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54
In most cases, you must affix each label required by the HMR
to a surface of the package or containment device containing
the hazardous material, or print the label directly on the
package surface. You must locate the label on the same
surface the proper shipping name appears on, and in close
proximity to the proper shipping name, if the package is big
enough, not too irregular, and not a compressed gas cylinder.
If the surface of the package is too small, too irregular, or a
cylinder for compressed gases, the label may be displayed on
a tag attached to the package. You may not use a tag for a
Class 7 radioactive material. Click the Exceptions button to
learn more. Select the other buttons to learn more about the
specifications that guide the placement of hazard class labels.
To learn more about the specifications for label design, see
§172.406.
54a
54b
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54e
54d
54c
Module 3– Instructor Manual
Module 3 Version 5.1 35
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 16
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
When displaying the primary and subsidiary hazard labels for Flammable liquids, toxic, n.o.s., 3,
UN1992, PGII – How far apart may the Class 3 and Div. 6.1 labels be placed?
A. within 25 mm (1 inch) of one another
B. within 75 mm (3 inches) of one another
C. within 150 mm (6 inches) of one another
D. within 300 mm (12 inches) of one another
Correct answer is C
56
55
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 15
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Affixing a hazard class label to a tag attached to the hazardous materials package is NOT permissible in
which of these situations?
A. with a package of Mercury in a box less than 3 inches per side
B. with a package containing a radioactive material
C. with an irregular-shaped package of Fibers vegetables, dry
D. with a cylinder of compressed gas
Correct answer is B

57
Label requirements for durability, design, form identification,
and exceptions may be found in §172.407. Select each button
to learn more about the requirements for hazardous materials
labels.
57a
57b
57c

57d
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 17
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided. You will have two chances to
answer this question correctly.
Except for hazardous materials that are ____________________, you may use a label conforming to
the specifications in the UN Recommendations in place of a corresponding label that conforms to the
requirements of the HMR.
A. corrosive
B. poisonous by inhalation
C. radioactive
D. spontaneously combustible
Correct answer is B
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38 Version 5.1 Module 3
60
Now that you understand the general hazardous materials
warning label requirements, let’s turn our attention to what
each of these hazardous materials warning labels look like and
the specific requirements that exist for some labels. Just as the
HMT lists a class or division for most hazardous materials,
each class and/or division’s warning labels are shown here:
Class 1 explosives; Class 2 Gases; Class 3 Flammable Liquid;
Class 4 Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible, and
Dangerous When Wet; Class 5 Oxidizer, and Organic
Peroxide; Class 6 Poison/Toxic, Poison Inhalation Hazard,
and Infectious Substances; Class 7 Radioactive; Class 8
Corrosive; Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Material; Other
Special Labels; In a moment, we’ll look at labels for which
special rules apply. First, let’s look at “standard” labels, those
you can use with just the information already presented. Click
on any “standard” label here to view a full-size example. On
the following screen we will explore those special hazardous
materials warning labels for which special rules apply.
61
Now that you have viewed the standard hazardous materials
warning labels, let’s turn our attention to those warning labels
with special cases that you need to become familiar with. You
may click each of the marked labels to see a full-size example
of that specific hazardous materials warning label and learn
more about the specific rules that apply to that label. Along
with each full-size label is a text description describing the
special rules, and a reference for that label.

62
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 18
Instructions: Match the shipping name with the proper hazard label.You may select either the shipping
name or the hazard label first. You will have two chances to correctly complete this exercise.
The correct answers are:
Signals, smoke UN0196 and the Label for Explosive 1.1
Ammunition, toxic UN0020 and the Label for Explosive 1.2
Rocket motors, UN0186 and the Label for Explosive 1.3
Ammunition, proof and the Label for Explosive 1.4
Explosive, blasting, type B UN0331 and the Label for Explosive 1.5
Articles, EEI and the Label for Explosive 1.6.
Module 3– Instructor Manual
40 Version 5.1 Module 3
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Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 19
Instructions: Click and drag each name to fill in the blank lines above the hazard label. Select the hazard
label that would correctly be affixed to a package or containment device containing a quantity of
hazardous material with that shipping name. Each shipping name is used only once. You will have two
chances to answer this exercise correctly. Select the Done button when you are finished to receive
feedback.
Xenon Oxygen, compressed UN1072 Silane Sulfur dioxide
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
The correct answers are:
Silane and the Label for Flammable Gas 2.1
Xenon and the Label for Non-Flammable Gas 2.2
Sulfur dioxide and the Label for Inhalation Hazard 2.3
Oxygen, compressed UN1072 and the Label for Oxygen 2.

64
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 20
Instructions: Match the shipping name with the proper hazard label that should be affixed to a package
or containment device containing the hazardous material. You may select either the shipping name or the
hazard label first. You will have two chances to correctly complete this exercise.
The correct answers are:
Acetone and the Label for Flammable Liquid 3
Phosphorus amorphous and the Label for Flammable Solid 4.1
Textile waste, wet and the Label for Spontaneous Combustion 4.2
Rubidium and the Label for Dangerous When Wet 4.3
Aluminum nitrate and the Label for Oxidizer 5.1
Organic peroxide type D, solid UN3106 and the Label for Organic Peroxide 5.2

65
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 21
IInstructions: Click and drag the shipping names to fill in the blank lines above the hazard labels,
matching the correct hazard label to the hazardous material. Each shipping name is used only once. You
will have two chances to answer this exercise correctly. Select the Done button when you are finished to
receive feedback.
Potassium cyanide Infectious substances UN2814
Acrolein, stabilized Potassium arsenate
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
The correct answers are:
Acrolein, stabilized and the Label for Inhalation Hazard 6.1
Potassium arsenateor Potassium Cyanide (Interchangeable) and the Label for Poison 6.1
Potassium arsenateor Potassium Cyanide (Interchangeable) and the Label for Toxic 6.1
Infectious substances UN2814 and the Label for Infectious Substances 6.2.
Module 3– Instructor Manual
Module 3 Version 5.1 43
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Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 22
Instructions: Click and drag the radioactive materials to fill in the blank lines above the hazard labels.
Each radioactive material may be used only once. You will have two chances to answer this exercise
correctly. Select the Done button when you are finished to receive feedback.
Cesium-137, TI = 0.8 and MSRL = 7 mrem/h Chromium-49, TI = 0.03and MSRL = 0.5 mrem/h
Radioactive material, fissile, n.o.s. Iodine-125, TI = 7.5 and MSRL = 180 mrem/h
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
The correct answers are:
Chromium-49 and the Radioactive White-I label
Cesium-137 and the Radioactive Yellow-II label
Iodine-125 and the Radioactive Yellow-III label
Radioactive material, fissile, n.o.s. and the Fissile label.

67
Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 23
Instructions: Match the shipping name with the correct hazard label. You may select either the shipping
name or the hazard label first. You will have two chances to correctly complete this exercise.
The correct answers are:
Hydroquinone and the Label for PG III Hazard Class 6
Radioactive material, Type B package with TI of 0 and the label for Label for Radioactive
White-I Hazard Class 7
Radioactive material, Type B package with TI of 4 and the Label for Radioactive Yellow-II
Hazard Class 7
Radioactive material, Type B package with TI of 12 and the Label for Radioactive Yellow-III
Hazard Class 7
Radioactive material, uranium hexafluoride, fissile and the Label for Fissile Hazard Class 7
Sulfurous acid and the label for Corrosive 8.
Module 3– Instructor Manual
Module 3 Version 5.1 45
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Professor Fed’s Knowledge Check 24
Instructions: Click and drag the shipping names to fill in the blank lines above the hazard labels. Select
the correct hazard label for each shipping name. More than one hazard label may be required for an
individual shipping name. You will have two chances to answer this exercise correctly. Select the Done
button when you are finished to receive feedback.
Sodium hydroxide, solid Air bag inflators UN3268 Nitromethane (by air)
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
The correct answers are:
Air bag inflators UN3268 and the Label for Misc. Dangerous Goods 9
Nitromethane and the Label for Flammable 3 and the Label for Cargo Aircraft Only
Sodium hydroxide, solid and the Label for Corrosive
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46 Version 5.1 Module 3
69
This concludes the instruction and Knowledge Checks for
Module 3 – Marking and Labeling. Package markings inform
transporters, emergency responders and others who come in
contact with the package about the contents contained inside.
Labels identify the hazard associated with the material being
shipped and transported. Before you offer a shipment of
hazardous material, be sure the packages are properly marked
and labeled. If you are the carrier, know what you are
accepting for transportation. If the hazardous material is not
properly marked and labeled, or if the packages are not intact,
do not accept the shipment. You should now be able to
• Apply the requirements for marking hazardous
materials packages, freight containers, and
transportation vehicles;
• Apply the requirements for labeling hazardous
materials packages, overpacks, and freight containers;
• Identify special types of labeling that might be required
for international shipments, water shipments, and air
shipments.
It is now time to assess how well you understand the
information presented in this module. When you are ready,
select Test on the Express Lane, to begin the end of module
test for Module 3. This will be an open reference test. Good
luck.
Module 3– Instructor Manual
Module 3 Version 5.1 47
Question #1
End of Module Test
Now that you have completed reviewing Marking and Labeling, let’s evaluate how well you have
mastered this material. This end of module test contains twenty-five multiple-choice questions to
determine your mastery of the three learning objectives covering Marking and Labeling. This is an open
reference book test and you may use any of the references that you have to assist you in successfully
completing this test.
When two or more different primary and subsidiary hazard labels are required, they must be displayed
__________________________________________________.
A. next to each other, but not more than 6 inches apart
B. approx. 9-12 inches apart
C. one on each end of the package
D. as duplicate labels on at least two sides or two ends for every package
Correct answer is A
Question #2
Which of the following abbreviations may be used as part of a proper shipping description marking?
A. ammun.
B. blk. pwd.
C. cart.
D. ORM-D
Correct answer is D
Instructions: Select the best answer from the four choices provided.

Question #3
What is the primary hazard label listed in Column 6 of the HMT for Petroleum gases, liquefied?
A. Flammable Gas 2.1
B. Flammable Liquid 3
C. Non-Flammable Gas 2.2
D. Poison Gas 2.3
Correct answer is A
Question #4
A hazard label is NOT required for which of these types of package?
A. portable tank with a 900 gallon capacity, not previously placarded
B. compressed gas cylinder permanently mounted in or on a transport vehicle
C. DOT Specification 106 multi-unit tank car tank, not previously placarded
D. non-bulk package
Correct answer is B
Question #5
Marking refers to the placing of information on the outside of the hazardous materials packaging, to
include such items as the ___________________________________.
A. proper shipping name of the hazardous material
B. identification number
C. orientation arrows, consignee’s name or consignor’s name
D. all of the above
Correct answer is D
9
Question #6
A package of hazardous material that meets the criteria of poisonous by inhalation must be marked
______________________.
A. Poison Hazard
B. Toxic Hazard
C. Inhalation Hazard
D. PGIII
Correct answer is C
Question #7
A non-bulk package containing a hazardous substance that meets or exceeds the reportable quantity per
pack must be marked with the letters __________ on the package in association with the proper
shipping name.
A. ORM
B. RQ
C. HM
D. HS
Correct answer is B
Question #8
A package containing which of these hazardous materials would require a primary hazard label of
‘Dangerous When Wet’?
A. Isoheptenes
B. Phosphine
C. Rubidium
D. Stibine
Correct answer is C
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50 Version 5.1 Module 3
Question #9
A 4.5-liter package of Methyl fluoride being transported via air transportation must contain which of
these hazard labels?
A. Flammable Gas
B. Poison Inhalation Hazard
C. Poison Gas
D. Flammable Gas and Cargo Aircraft Only
Correct answer is D
Question #10
Required package markings for hazardous materials must be:
A. Unobscured by labels or attachments
B. Displayed on a similar colored background
C. Located adjacent to all of the other markings, so that everything is located together
D. Durable and printed in two languages
Correct answer is A
Question #11
Unless excepted, each package of hazardous material must be marked with:
A. Identification number
B. Label code
C. Proper shipping name
D. A. and C.
Correct answer is D

Question #12
Which one of these international bodies’ regulations does not provide an acceptable alternative to the
labeling requirements set forth in the HMR for domestic shipments of hazardous materials?
A. NATO Protocols on Overseas Shipping
B. United Nations Recommendations
C. Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Regulations
D. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions
Correct answer is A
Question #13
A Class 3, PGI substance that also meets the definition of a Class 8, PGII substance must be labeled
_________________________.
A. FLAMMABLE and POISON
B. POISON LIQUID and CORROSIVE
C. FLAMMABLE LIQUID and CORROSIVE
D. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID and POISON LIQUID
Correct answer is C
Question #14
A fiberboard box containing a 1.0 liter bottle of Dioxane must be marked with
_________________________ on two opposite vertical sides of the package.
A. ORM-D marking
B. Package orientation arrows
C. Cargo Aircraft Only label
D. CORROSIVE label
Correct answer is B

Question #15
Identification numbers are permitted to be displayed on a placard with which of the following types of
materials?
A. Radioactive
B. Corrosive
C. Explosive
D. Dangerous
Correct answer is B
Question #16
_____________ refers to placing a warning notice specific to the hazard class and/or the handling
precautions for the material on the outside of the shipping package or shipping container.
A. Packaging
B. Placarding
C. Labeling
D. Marking
Correct answer is C
Question #17
When is the Marine Pollutant marking required on a container?
A. On a non-bulk package containing a Marine Pollutant when being transported by vessel in
association with the proper shipping name.
B. On a bulk package with a capacity of less than 1,000 gallons on opposing sides or ends of the
container being shipped by vessel transport.
C. On a bulk container with a capacity greater than 1,000 gallons on all four sides being shipped by
vessel transport.
D. All of the above require a Marine Pollutant marking
Correct answer is D
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Module 3 Version 5.1 53
Question #18
A package of Arsine must be labeled with which labels?
A. POISON GAS and FLAMMABLE GAS
B. POISON GAS and OXIDIZER
C. POISON GAS and CORROSIVE
D. POISON INHALATION HAZARD and FLAMMABLE GAS
Correct answer is D
Question #19
The labels required by the HMR are normally used for domestic shipments, but may be used for
international shipments in most cases. Several international organizations prescribe labeling requirements
that may be used in addition to or in place of domestic labels. Which international organization conforms
to the requirements for shipments of hazardous materials being transported from Canada?
A. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
B. Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG)
C. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG)
D. United Nations Recommendations
Correct answer is B
Question #20
When are package orientation arrows required as part of the labeling on a container?
A. On any package containing hazardous materials
B. On any non-bulk package containing hazardous materials
C. On any non-bulk container having inner packages that contain liquid hazardous materials
D. Arrows are not required on packages of hazardous materials
Correct answer is C

Question #21
Which package of hazardous material listed here must have this marking affixed to it if shipped by air
transportation?
A. Compounds, cleaning liquid
B. Compressed gas, n.o.s.
C. Consumer commodity
D. Corrosive solids, n.o.s.
Correct answer is C
Question #22
Which of these labels is NOT an acceptable label for a package containing a quantity of Acrylamide?
A. Class 6, PGIII
B. POISON
C. POISON INHALATION HAZARD
D. TOXIC
Correct answer is C
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Module 3 Version 5.1 55
Question #24
Which of these materials would be required to display the identification number along with the proper
shipping name on non-bulk packaging that only contained that single material?
A. Cartridges power devices
B. Furan
C. Consumer commodity
D. Acetone, Ltd Qty
Correct answer is B
Question #23
Which of these markings/placards is NOT acceptable for use on a bulk package of Petroleum gases,
liquefied?
A. C.
B. D.
Correct answer is D
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56 Version 5.1 Module 3
Question #25
The A & Z Chemical Company of Grand Rapids, Michigan, is shipping to the Martin Fabricating
Company of St. Louis, MO, 50 kg of Benzoyl chloride, a Class 8 material in a metal drum. The material
is listed in Appendix A of the HMT as a hazardous substance. The shipment will be transported by
highway and will be transferred from one motor carrier to a 2nd carrier. Which of these markings are
NOT required on this container of Benzoyl chloride?
A. RQ, Benzoyl chloride
B. Benzoyl chloride
C. UN1736
D. A&Z Chemical Company, Grand Rapids, MI
Correct answer is A